1937
Determination of basic polyurethane chemistry
Polyurethane is a polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate linkages. Flexible and rigid foams, durable elastomers and high-performance adhesives, synthetic fibers, gaskets, carpets and hard plastics are used in the bottom part. Flexible polyurethane foams, also known as polyurethane sponges, are indispensable as comfort material in beds and furniture. Non-resilient foams are mainly used for heat and sound insulation.
Polyurethane products are often called urethanes. However, it should not be mixed with a special urethane material, also known as ethyl carbamate. Polyurethanes are not made of ethyl carbamate and do not contain it.
Polyurethanes were first synthesized by German scientist Otto Bayer in 1937 and obtained by the reaction of diisocyanate with diol. If water is present, some of the diisocyanate polymerizes with diol, while a small part reacts with water (gas dioxide) to form a porous polyurethane structure (foam or sponge structure). At the end of the ripening period (24-72 hours) a very stable polymer structure is obtained. Subsequently, the diols were replaced by polyether polyether or polyester having a larger molecular weight. The polyurethane thus formed forms a stronger and more flexible elastomer.
Today, polyurethanes have applications such as flexible foams, elastic and non-swelling elastomers, adhesives, coatings, integral products containing both elastomer and foam structure, rigid foams (insulation materials), rigid and non-swelling wood imitation products. Polyurethane polyols are generally used in foam polyurethanes. In flexible foams, water is used as a blowing agent and in rigid foams, as a blowing agent, in addition to water, gases providing thermal insulation are used. Since flexible foams are generally produced for comfort purposes, they must be open-celled and rigid foams should be closed-celled and not release the gas contained therein. In non-swelling polyurethanes, the moisture in the components must be completely removed. In addition, slippers and shoe soles produced using polyester polyols are among the polyurethane applications. In addition, artificial leather used in seat upholstery, bags and shoes is polyurethane.
As we can see, as the sole of the shoes we wear in our lives, as sponge and artificial leather in the seats and beds we sit, as imitation of wood in the decorations of mirrors and seats, as insulation material of refrigerators and thermosyphones, as the console of the cars, and as the steering wheel of the car, in the frigo of the car and in the cold rooms of the car. airplanes, defense industry, construction, mining and roofing panels covering our polyurethane everywhere.
The origins of polyurethane are based on the use of rubber instead of rubber in the beginning of the Second World War. The versatility of this new organic polymer and its ability to be used in limited materials has enabled it to be used in many applications. Polyurethane coatings were used in the processes of obtaining high gloss surfaces in aircraft during World War II, and in chemical and corrosion resistant metal, wood and wall decorations.
Towards the end of the war, polyurethane coatings were manufactured, began to be used on an industrial scale and formulated for specific applications. In the mid-1950s, polyurethanes became available in coatings and adhesives, elastomers and rigid foams. When the flexible beds became commercially available, it was not until the late 1950s. With the development of low-cost polyether polyol, flexible foams have opened the door to the upholstery and automotive applications we know today. Formulations, additives and process techniques have continued to improve; such as reinforced and molded parts and one-component systems in the interior of automobiles.
Today, almost everything we touch has polyurethanes…
With Engineering and Technology.
The aim of the formation that young and innovative entrepreneurs came together;
Our aim is to create awareness in the competitive environment by producing environmentally friendly machines that consume less energy and consume less energy than other polyurethane machines produced in our country and in the world.